1a. We¡¯ve hadthe car for three years. (= we have still got it) (AGU) b. We hadthe car for three years. (= we no longer have it)
2a. I¡¯ve written three letters this morning. (= it is still morning) (AGU) b. I wrote three letters this morning. (= the morning is over)
3a. Lee has represented his country on many occasions, and hopes to go on to compete in the next Olympics (AGU). b. Lee represented his country on many occasions, but was forced to retire after an injury.
4a. My father has hadthree jobs so far. (= he may have more jobs in the future) (MEG)
b. My father hadthree jobs when alive.
5a. The movie has drawn half a million viewers. (= it will draw more) (MEG)
b. The movie drew half a million viewers. (= movie is now over)
1a. We've (°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù) + had the car (Â÷¸¦¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ °Í (ÇàÀ§)¸¦) + for three years (3³â°£). ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ 3³â°£ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù? ¾ÆÇ×, À̰ÍÀº ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§°¡ ÇöÀç±îÁö ÂÞ¿í~ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÇöÀçµµ ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù (= we have still got it)´Â ¸»ÀÌ µÇ°Ú±º¿ä. ¿ì¸®¸»·Î´Â ¡°3³â°£ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇؿԴ١±. ±×·±µ¥ b¿¡´Â ÀÌ °è¼Ó¼ºÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°3³â°£ ¼ÒÀ¯Çß¾ú´Ù¡±. ÇöÀç´Â ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÁÒ.
ÀÚ, ÀÌ <°è¼Ó>ÀÇ À̹ÌÁö¸¦ Àâ¾Æº¾½Ã´Ù. ¡°Áã~¸¦ ÀâÀÚ, À̹ÌÁ㸦 ÀâÀÚ ¢Ý¡± We've had the car¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ¸ç ¡°Â÷¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇؿԴ١±ÀÇ À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ¿¬»óÇϰí, for three years ¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ¸ç ¡°3³â°£¡±À» ¿¬»óÇϼ¼¿ä. ´ÙÀ½Àº b¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ¡°¼ÒÀ¯Çß¾ú´Ù¡±ÀÇ À̹ÌÁö, Áï ¼ÒÀ¯°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¾·áµÈ »óȲÀ» ¿¬»óÇÏ¸ç µÎ ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ´À²¸º¸¼¼¿ä. À̹ÌÁöµéÀÌ ÀǽĿ¡ °ÇÏ°Ô ³²µµ·Ï À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ýº¹Çϼ¼¿ä.
9a. How many times have you seen him? (MEG) b. How many times did you see him [during your stay in London]?
10a. Have you seen the exhibition [yet]? (= exhibition is still open) (CG) b. Did you see the exhibition [when it was here]? (= exhibition has finished)
11a. I haven¡¯t shaved today. (= I may shave later or may not) (AGU) b. I didn¡¯t shave today. (= the usual time for shaving has passed; suggests I will not shave today)
12. I haven¡¯t been to the market yet. (= market is still open) (CGE)